Why are gases liquefied

Joule-Thomson effect. The conversion of a gaseous substance into a liquid. This is usually achieved by one of four methods or by a combination of two of them: 1 by vapour compression, provided that the substance is below its critical temperature; 2 by refrigeration at constant pressure, typically by cooling it with a colder fluid in a countercurrent heat exchanger; 3 by making it perform work adiabatically against the atmosphere in a reversible cycle; 4 by the Joule-Thomson effect.

Large quantities of liquefied gases are now used commercially, especially liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas. From: liquefaction of gases in A Dictionary of Chemistry ». Subjects: Science and technology — Chemistry. View all related items in Oxford Reference ». Search for: 'liquefaction of gases' in Oxford Reference ».

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Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. When a hydrogen-rich fuel i. A fuel cell test offers the ability to automatically test, control, and monitor the performance of fuel cells and stacks. A fuel, that under standard temperature and pressure, is gaseous in nature. The hydrogen H2 produced by Nel hydrogen gas generators can be used as. A design by which an operator is not required.

A fully-automated design controls automates itself through a network of sensors and programs which regulate speed,. Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without being decomposed. The stationary phase is coated along the. Distillation of impurities, or unwanted components, from a gaseous mixture. Gas purification is usually used to separate, or isolate, one specific compound or element.

The generator capacity is the maximum electrical power output for a given power generating unit, usually defined in Megawatts. The enclosure for an electric power generator that defines the sealed space that contains the hydrogen gas used to provide cooling to the generator windings.

Power plants utilizing hydrogen-cooled. The life expectancy, or estimated duration of use before termination, or overhaul maintenance is required. Glass processing is the production of large sheets of glass by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal typically tin. Counteracting the creation of greenhouse gases created from common activities and energy production by finding, producing, and utilizing clean alternative energy sources.

Common greenhouse gases include: carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbon s. The point where an alternative energy source is cheaper than, or equal in cost, to purchasing power from the grid. Grid parity is determined through. A series of interconnected electrical power generating stations, linked by transmission lines, which carry electrical power to consumers. Traditional power grids transmit power from a.

The reliability and consistency in power or electricity production. Solar power has poor grid stability because of unreliable sunlight hours and the potential for cloud. Heat treating is often used to alter the physical properties of a material. Heat treatment is most frequently used to increase a materials ductility and. A compound that consists of both hydrogen and carbon molecules. Hydrocarbons are common natural substances.

Hydrocarbons are the primary components in petroleum and natural gases. Delivered hydrogen gas is often transported in three 3 channels: cylinders, tube trailers and liquid tanks.

The combination of hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. A unit that generates hydrogen on-site via chemical reactions. Unlike other chemical reactions that produce greenhouse gases during the process of hydrogen generation, water electrolysis.

Hydrogen is generally supplied by two methods: bulk hydrogen delivery usually sourced from. Isotope separation is the process of strategically concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by through the removal of other isotopes.

A gas that can be used to lift a desired heavy and dense fluid to the surface, or higher than its current level. Lift gases. Liquid chromatography is a technique used to separate a compound or mixture into its various parts. In order to do so, a mobile phase, a. Industrial operations that require various mechanical or chemical procedures, usually in large quantities or batches, during the manufacture of raw-materials into finished goods.

These processes. A barrier which allows specific elements or compounds to permeate, while other elements, compounds, or impurities, are separated or filtered. The barriers membranes in our. These hollow fibers selectively permeate O2,. Able to be used in weather-related systems or for meteorological purposes. Using other expensive. The derivation of methane from digesting organic matter, in the absence of air or oxygen.

A bio-electrochemical fuel cell that drives a current using bacteria and by mimicking bacterial processes and interactions that can be found naturally. Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition is a technique used for growing crystalline layers into multilayer structures. In this process, UHP gases are used to deposit a. A serial communication protocol that is used to connect one, or multiple industrial electronic devices.

Serial communication allows for the transmission of data between many. An approach to design that subdivides a larger system into smaller parts often referred to as skids or modules. The skids can be independently created. Natural gas reforming includes various types of gas reformation techniques that produce hydrogen from existing natural gases. Hydrogen produced from this process is referred to.

Nitrogen can be used to purge heat treat furnaces and reflow solder baths which prevents oxidation of the metal surface and minimizes dross generation. Nitrogen generators are designed to utilize an existing air source and produce nitrogen on demand.

Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere. Hydrogen is used as an agent to regenerate the catalysts used in nitrogen purifiers for semiconductor nitrogen process gas supply. A purifier consisted of a palladium and silver alloy tube that allows only monoatomic hydrogen to pass through its crystal lattice at a given extreme.

On-site hydrogen generation removes. PECVD is a process that deposits thin films from a vapor to a solid state on a substrate. A result of a chemical reaction, this. A programmable computer, or program, used to automate electromechanical processes. A technology that converts electrical power to a gaseous fuel. In this process, excess power is utilized in order to generate hydrogen via electrolysis. The stored. Power-to-Power employs electrolysis technology to generate hydrogen from renewable resources such as wind and solar power.

The hydrogen is then stored for future use and. PSA technology separates nitrogen molecules from the other gas molecules by the carbon molecular sieves CMS. Alternating between both CMS columns, firstly O2, moisture, hydrocarbons,.

PEM water electrolysis simply splits deionized water H2O into its constituent parts, hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 , on either side of a solid polymer electrolyte. A form of energy storage in which excess electricity is used to pump water uphill to a reservoir.

When power is needed, the stored water. Used to flush electrical equipment with clean air. Flushing occurs before the electrical device is started. This is done to ensure that any contaminants that.

Purifier regeneration is the process of removing impurities from saturated media. This cleans purifiers so they can be used over again.

This process is supported. Hydrogen is used as a cooling atmosphere in power plants across the globe because during operation, currents flowing through electric power generators produce large amounts. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum.

Energy collected from naturally produced, and regenerative resources. Some examples of renewable energy sources include: hydro, wind, tidal, geothermal, and solar. Reliable, safe, secure, consistent, and pure. Research grade hydrogen has an incredibly high purity level; does not contain any contaminants, unwanted compounds, or elements, that. The purity or amount of a given component in a sample. Typically, the seed crystal is a small scale crystal from.

A substance that has conductivity resistance levels greater than that of an insulator, but less than most conductors. Hydrogen gas is used in wet oxidation. The process through which methane, and high temperature steam, react under pressure to produce hydrogen. This reaction between methane and steam creates carbon dioxide, a. When the inventory of a product surpasses, or does not meet, the consumers desire of a product.

Solar energy often experiences periods of supply and. There are many thermal spraying. Used to transport or store large quantities of pressurized gas, or liquid gas, in cylinders or other vessels. These cylinders are attached to a trailer. Water Electrolysis is the process of splitting water molecules H2O into oxygen O2 and hydrogen gas H2 with electric current passing through the water.

Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by creating a fusion. No required storage or build up. The unit only uses what is required at the given time. This eliminates the risk and need for storing. All Rights Reserved. Liquefied gas liquid gas. Back to Glossary. Related glossary terms:.

Cold start. Material processing applications. Methanation methanisation. Alkaline water electrolysis Alkaline water electrolysis utilizes two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte solution, usually potassium hydroxide KOH.

Ammonia fertilizer Artificial nitrogen fixation is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today. Anaerobic digestion Breaking down organic material in the absence of air or oxygen.

Analytical instruments Devices which evaluate the composition, weight, or other particulars of a substance, compound, or mixture. Annealing A heat treatment where you heat a metal or glass above its recrystallization temperature, maintain the temperature, then allow it to cool.

Argon purification Argon is produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Balloon filling Using gas generators to fill large balloons. Bench-top generators Efficiently-sized equipment intended to save valuable workbench space in the laboratory.

Biogas Gas fuel derived from the digestion of biological waste materials such as sewage, garbage, and crops. Biomethane A naturally developed form of methane. Brazing A process through which multiple metal items are connected by melting and applying a filler metal into a joint.

Carbon dioxide compression Carbon dioxide compression refers to the process and progression of pressurizing compressing Carbon dioxide CO2 as a gas. Carrier gas In gas chromatography, a carrier gas is used as the solvent through which the various components of a compound can be separated, analyzed, identified, and. Catalytic atmosphere Catalytic atmospheres are developed when a catalyst is introduced to a solution of reactant substances under an inert atmosphere in a pressure vessel.

Catalyzers A stimulant which allows for a process to occur, usually at an accelerated rate. Cell stack The primary electrochemical component in a fuel cell electrolysis system. Chemical synthesis The reaction through which two elements or compounds are reacted in order to combine the two elements or compounds. Coatings A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate.

Corrosion control In the power industry, production managers regularly monitor their equipment for corrosion. Curtailed power Power that has been given restriction in cost or use. Dew point The temperature where, at a constant barometric pressure, water vapor condenses to aqueous water.

Direct injection Direct Injection is the process of mixing the electrolysis-produced hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline without first further converting it to methane. Electric generators A device or equipment that creates electrical power from mechanical power. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis The synthesis of nitrogen and hydrogen to create ammonia using electrochemical synthesis. Electrochemical compression When hydrogen is produced by PEM electrolysis, the generation pressure can be increased internally to the cell through the process of electrochemical compression.